When is it necessary to resort to iron supplements?

Iron is an essential mineral that plays a fundamental role in the body, especially in the production of hemoglobin and myoglobin, proteins responsible for oxygen transport in the blood and muscles, respectively. Additionally, iron contributes to maintaining normal cognitive functions and strengthening the immune system. However, in some situations, our diet may not provide enough iron, making it necessary to resort to iron supplements.

When is it necessary to resort to iron supplements?

The need for iron supplements is usually related to the presence of iron deficiency anemia, a condition in which blood iron levels are below recommended levels. This situation can result from various factors that compromise iron intake, absorption, or retention in the body.

Symptoms of iron deficiency

Iron deficiency symptoms may vary in intensity and develop gradually. The most common signs include:

• Chronic fatigue that does not improve with rest.
• Pale skin or whitish mucous membranes, indicating low hemoglobin concentration.
• Headaches and frequent dizziness due to reduced brain oxygenation.
• Palpitations or irregular heartbeats.
• Brittle nails and excessive hair loss.
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing during moderate effort.
• Craving for non-nutritive substances (like ice or dirt), known as pica.

Risk factors that may require the use of supplements

Specific situations increase the risk of developing iron deficiency, making it essential to consider the use of supplements.

Women of childbearing age and pregnant women

Women with heavy menstrual periods often lose more iron than they consume, leading to anemia. During pregnancy, the body needs twice as much iron to support the baby's growth and placenta, as well as to increase the mother's blood volume.

Supplementation is essential to prevent complications such as premature birth or low birth weight, improving both maternal and fetal health.

People following vegetarian or vegan diets

Iron from plant-based foods (like legumes, seeds, and leafy greens) is of the non-heme type, which is less efficiently absorbed than heme iron from red meat. Therefore, vegetarians and vegans may benefit from supplements containing iron bisglycinate, a highly bioavailable form.

Athletes and people with high physical demands

Intense exercise causes microtrauma to muscles, increasing the need for iron for tissue repair. Additionally, sweat contains small amounts of iron, contributing to its loss in athletes who train frequently.

People with digestive pathologies

Certain chronic diseases, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or atrophic gastritis, can reduce the body's ability to absorb iron in the intestines. In these cases, the doctor may recommend oral or even intravenous supplements if the deficiency is severe.

Types of iron supplements available in pharmacies

Iron supplements from pharmacies come in various forms to suit individual needs:

• Capsules and tablets: A common format, with sustained release to reduce side effects.
• Liquids and syrups: Ideal for those who have difficulty swallowing or require adjusted dosage.
• Soluble powders: Easy to mix with beverages, recommended for people with digestive disorders.
• Combined supplements: Iron paired with vitamin C to enhance absorption.

Tips to improve iron absorption

To maximize the benefits of supplements, it is essential to follow some recommendations:

• Take the supplement on an empty stomach or with foods rich in vitamin C.
• Avoid consuming dairy, coffee, or tea at the same time, as they can interfere with absorption.
• Consult a healthcare professional about the appropriate dosage and duration of treatment.

When is it necessary to have a blood test?

If you experience symptoms such as chronic fatigue or unexplained weakness, it is advisable to undergo a complete blood count to assess hemoglobin and ferritin levels. A healthcare professional will determine if supplementation is needed.

Conclusion

Iron supplements are essential in situations of deficiency or high demand, such as pregnancy, intense sports activities, or specific diets. Pharmacy products ensure quality and suitable options for each profile, but medical guidance is crucial for safe and effective use.